E-Bike Market and Supply Chain

Market size

China Builds Electric Two-Wheelers by the Tens of Millions, Europe and the US by the Million

Unit counts from trade associations and customs data. Market-research growth rates are left out.

European Cycling Industries, the renamed CONEBI, reported 15.618 million bicycles and e-bikes sold in Europe in 2025, down 2.6%, and 10.82 million produced, without a public e-bike split. Its 2026 Bicycle Industry and Market Profile carries the full breakdown for members.

The US has no single customs code for e-bikes. They share HTS 8711.60 with electric motorcycles, and shipments under the former $800 de minimis threshold were missing from the data, so US totals are estimates.

China's figures mix two categories. The 63.16 million counts all electric two-wheelers, including electric mopeds and motorcycles. The 380 million counts e-bikes under the GB 17761 national standard. The White Paper puts the full electric two-wheeler fleet above 450 million.

Adoption by country

E-Bikes Outsell Pedal Bikes in Austria, Germany and Belgium

E-bikes earn a larger share of money than of units. In Austria they made up 57% of bikes and 79% of revenue in 2025. In France they made up 29% of units and about 58% of value in 2024. German e-bikes averaged about €2,550 in 2025, against about €500 for a pedal bike.

Belgium leads in fast commuter e-bikes: 23,681 speed pedelecs were registered in 2025, a record, and about 62% of new ones came through employer leasing, according to Traxio. In China, e-bikes under GB 17761 are the everyday commuter vehicle in most cities, limited to 25 km/h.

Teens and commuters

US States and School Districts Are Setting Age Limits for E-Bikes

Teenagers riding to school drove the first wave of US e-bike rules aimed at minors.

Marin County Public Health reported that the e-bike crash rate for residents aged 10 to 15 fell from 16.25 to 11.65 per 10,000 between July 2024 and June 2026, still nearly four times the rate for other ages. The county and the Transportation Authority of Marin run an E-Bikers Club for middle and high school students and parents.

In California, Assemblymember Rebecca Bauer-Kahan's office cited state traffic records showing e-bike injuries rose about 18-fold from 2018 to 2023.

Supply chain

Asia Makes the Cells and Most Frames, Europe Assembles and Builds Premium Motors

Germany built about 1.3 million e-bikes at home in 2025 and imported 780,000, nearly three quarters from other EU countries. The Czech Republic supplied 18% of those imports, the Netherlands 12% and Vietnam 12%, per ZIV. German exports reached a record 650,000.

The 2021-22 shortage came from pandemic demand meeting closed factories, container shipping delays and long lead times for drive units and components. Brands ordered heavily to catch up, and the stock landed in 2023 as demand fell. Europe's e-bike sales slipped from 5.5 million in 2022 to 5.1 million in 2023, and EU+UK e-bike production fell 19% to 3.7 million in 2024, down from about 5.4 million at the 2022 peak. Discounting followed; ZIV cited clearance sales for a 3.8% drop in the average German e-bike price in 2025.

Giant, the largest Taiwanese maker, saw e-bike sales fall from about 800,000 in 2022 to about 480,000 in 2024.

Trade and tariffs

EU and US Duties on Chinese E-Bikes Moved Assembly Elsewhere

The European Commission says the EU e-bike industry directly employs 12,000 people. Giant's plant in Kunshan, China, pays a 9.9% anti-dumping and 3.9% countervailing duty to ship into the EU, so Giant and other makers supply Europe from Taiwan and from EU plants.

US buyers moved orders to Southeast Asia. In the first half of 2025, Cambodia passed China as the largest supplier of complete pedal bikes to the US by value, at $132 million, while imports from China fell 42%. Vietnam is a larger e-bike exporter than its customs figures show; Tern builds many of its e-cargo bikes there.

Taiwan ships fewer, pricier e-bikes. It exported 190,000 e-bikes to the EU in 2024, down 53%, and 98,000 to the US, at an average export price of $1,848, per Taiwan Ministry of Finance customs data and the Taiwan Bicycle Association. In January to April 2025, Taiwan's e-bike export value rose 0.26% to $236 million, its first gain since the pandemic, and component exports rose 5.92% to $437 million.

Outlook

Forecasters See Flat Volumes in Europe and Replacement Demand in China

• ZIV says the German market has stabilized at a high level after three years of e-bikes holding about half of unit sales, and is targeting women and children as new buyers.
• The 2026 China Electric Two-Wheeler Industry White Paper says China has moved from fleet growth to replacement-driven sales. Output fell 13.5% in January to April 2026 after the GB 17761-2024 standard took effect on September 1, 2025, and sales of old-standard e-bikes ended on December 1, 2025.
• The China Bicycle Association expected output of new-standard e-bikes to reach 7.55 million by the end of the first quarter of 2026, with 276 certified models on sale in January.
• Cycling Industries Europe, CONEBI and the European Cyclists' Federation forecast in 2020 that Europe would sell 17 million e-bikes a year by 2030. Actual sales were 5.1 million in 2023.
• Union Sport & Cycle linked France's 16% drop in e-bike sales in 2025 to the end of purchase subsidies.
• Rebirth plans for Cowboy to break even in 2027 on €40 million in revenue.